Demos

10	10A	Moles-Volume Correspondence in the Electrolysis of H2O	Water is electrolyzed to H2 and O2 in a 2:1 ratio	Sh. IV.156
24	10B	Burning of Magnesium	Igniting magnesium ribbon produces light and heat.	Sh.I.38
36	10C	Dehydration of Sugar by Sulfuric Acid	Concentrated H2SO4 added to granulated sugar n a 2 L cylinder produces a solid-liquid mixture that changes from white to yellow to brown to black. The mixture then expands out of cylinder accompanied by steam and the odor of burnt sugar.	Sh. I. 77
57	10E	The Blue-Bottle Experiment: Reaction of Oxygen with Glucose	The Blue-Bottle Experiment: Reaction of Oxygen with Glucose	Sh. II. 142
11	11A	Ratio of Diffusion Coefficients - Ammonium Chloride Ring	NH3 vapor is introduced at one end of an air-filled tube and HCl at the other end, forming a ring of NH4Cl in the center of the tube after about 20 minutes.	Sh. II.59
25	11B	The Electric Pickle	Passing 110 V through a dill pickle produces sodium D-line emission. The emission changes of the pickle is soaked in LiCl solution.	C&E N. 11/18/91 pp68
37	11C	Reaction of Potassium Chorate and Sugar	A drop of concentrate H2SO4 added to a pile of KClO3 and granulated sugar produces smoke and purple flame. Second Method: Melt KClO3 in a heavy-walled tested tube with a Bunsen Burner. Drop in a gummi bear or small price of licorice, yielding purple flame and smoke.	Sh. I. 79
12	12A	Effect of Gas Density on Sound Frequency - breathing He		none
38	12C	Combustion of Magnesium in Carbon Dioxide	Ignition of Mg and an Oxidizing agent in a block of dry ice result in a brilliant flare of light and a black and white residue.	Sh. I. 90
13	13A	Gas Diffusion - H2 Whistle Explosion	A special apparatus emits a whistle that decreases in pitch as H2 burns; eventually an explosion occurs	Sh. II.131
39	13C	Photochemical Reaction of Hydrogen and Chlorine	See under B2	Sh. I. 121
14	14A	Effect of Air Pressure on Balloon Size	Balloon is partially inflated and placed into a vacuum dessicator. When vacuum is applied to the dessicator, balloon expands.	none
40	14C	Catalytic Converter	After the device has been heated, combustion of propane is initiated at a temperature much lower than the normal combustion temperature.
41	15C	Rubber Band Entropy Demonstration	Heating a stretched rubber band (hanging a weight from a ring stand) causes it to contract, not expand. Cooling it with liquid N2 causes the rubber band to lengthen.
42	16C	Shock-Induced Explosion of a KClO3 Pellet Soaked with White Phos. in CS2	A solution of white phosphorus in CS2 is placed on a pellet of KClO3. After five minutes, the pellet is detonated on a modified rat trap apparatus. (Use a bomb calorimetry pellet press from the Phys. Chem. Lab to compress the KClO3 into a pellet.)	Sh. I. 99
1	1A	Mercury Barometers of Various Shapes	Several shapes and sizes of mercury barometers have the same column height. Mercury barometers are no longer available.	Sh. II.9
15	1B	Spectral Tubes of Gases	Atomic and molecular spectra can be viewed from a number of available gases: H2, O2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, Hg, H2o. Co2, Cl2, Br2, I2. (Note: Power supply runs on a fresh 6 V lantern battery). These spectra can be viewed through student-held plastic diffraction gratings. A blackened box can be used to set two tubes ( e.g., H. Ne) directly above one another, using two single tube power supplies available in the physical Chemistry Lab. Close-fitting boxes should be used to cover the exit signs in Room 102.	none
27	1C	Lycopodium Dust Explosion in “Milk Can”	When lycopium powder is dispersed and then ignited in a metal can, an explosion blows the lid off the can.	Sh. I. 103
43	1D	Red Cabbage Indicator on pH 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 Buffers	Pureé red cabbage in blender with small amount of water; centrifuge, filter, or allow solids to settle. Use buffers in cabinet 3 and 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH, in 150 mL beakers on overhead projector, You can also do a titration.	Sh. III. 50
48	1E	Place Piece of Sheets Copper in Concentrated HNO3	(Do under hood). Results in emission of brown gas and clear solution becoming blue.
58	1F	Loss of Volume When Absolute Ethanol and Water are Mixed	When two liquids are mixed, the volume of their solution is less than the sum of their individual volumes	Sh. III, 225
66	1G	Driving a Nail with a Banana	Banana is frozen with N2(l)	LS. 8
71	1H	Making Nylon 6-10	A film of nylon is formed at the interface between two immiscible liquids. When the film is lifted from the container, it is continually replaced, forming a hollow, continuous thread of polymer.	Sh. I. 213
78	1I	Crystal Lattices	Wurtzite, Diamond, Calcite I, Sodium, Chloride, Graphite, Copper, Aluminum, Cesium Chloride, Carbon Dioxide.
85	1J	Radioactivity: Geiger Counter and Uranium Salts	see Dr. Kent Blasie
2	2A	Mercury Barometer (Boyle's Law)	The relationship between pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature is studied by monitoring the volume of the gas while varying the pressure (or vice versa).	Sh. II.14
16	2B	Photochemical Reaction of H2 and Cl2	A cork-stoppered test tube is filled with a 50/50 mixture of H2 and Cl2 and clamped to a ring stand. Light from a He-Ne laser, or from a slide projector passed through a red-transmitting filter is aimed at the test tube with no result, but the beam from the slide passed through a blue filter causes an explosion and ejection of the stopper from the tube. (Illustrates activation energy, photon energy dependence on frequency, difference between energy per photon and beam intensity).	Sh. I.121
28	2C	Combustion of Magnesium in Air	Igniting Mg ribbon produces light and heat	Sh. I. 38
44	2D	Common Household Acids and Bases	Vinegar, lemon juice, windex, dishwasher detergent, soda, Drano, toilet bowl cleaner, etc.	LS. 21; Sh. III. 65
49	2E	Put “Christmas Tree” of Sheet Copper in AgNO3 solution	Silver Plates out, copper dissolves giving blue solution.
59	2F	Solubility of Lead Salts	Prepared 0.1 M solution of Lead Acetate, and Mix with 0.1 M Solutions of KNO3, K2Cr2O7, KCl
67	2G	Freezing flowers, raquet balls	with liq. N2	LS. 8
72	2H	Making Polyurethane Foam	When two viscous liquids are mixed, a rigid foam is produced whose wolume is 20-30 times that of the original mixture.	Sh. I. 216
79	2I	Bravais Lattices
86	2J	Periodicity: Cl2, Br2, I2 in B
3	3A	Air Thermometers (Charles' Law)	Heating or cooling a glass bulb results in changes in the relative heights of two columns of colored liquid. Can also use this to demonstrate exothermic and endothermic reactions.	none
17	3B	Chemiluminescent Light Sticks	Commercially-available chemiluminescent systems produce yellowish-green or red light easily visible in a darkened room.	Sh. I. 175
29	3C	Thermite Reaction	Addition of glycerine to a pile of iron oxide, aluminum powder and KMNO4 produces flame, sparks and molten iron.	Sh. I. 85
45	3D	Neutralize a Weakly Basic Solution (with Indicator)	Students Blow CO2 in with Giant Straws	LS. 21
50	3E	Oxidation of Iodide by sodium Hypochlorite with starch Indicator.	Clear solution turns dark blue as iodine is produced.
60	3F	Pipetting/Diluting a 1.0 M K2Cr2O7 Solution	Illustrate absorbance changes upon 1:10 or 1:100 dilutions
68	3G	Shrinking Balloons	Placing an air-filled balloon in liquid nitrogen results in a marked (and reversible) reduction in volume.
73	3H	Cuprammonium Rayon	When a blue solution containing Cu2+, NH3, and cellulose is injected into an acid bath, blue threads of rayon are formed.	Sh. I. 247
80	3I	Orbitals - VSEPR	Construct from 12” round helium-quality balloons. Blow up six balloons to the same size. Tie pairs tightly together at the ends. Then assemble the 3 pairs together in an octahedral shape, tying the pairs together with string as close together as possible. By breaking the balloons one at a time, you should be able to get trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral, etc.
87	3J	Periodicity: Li, Na, K Metal in Water
4	4A	Collapse of Balloon in Liquid N2	When liquid N2 is poured over a balloon, the balloon shrinks. If filled with He, the balloon can also be used to lift a small aluminum weight.	Sh. II.24
18	4B	Two-Color Chemiluminescent Clock Reaction	In a darkened room, a colorless liquid is poured into a solution in a large cylinder. The solution glows red ( from singlet oxygen emission) for a few seconds, then begins to foam with strong emission of blue light for several seconds. ( Note: Run 2x or 3x in 2L cylinder.)	Sh. I. 175
30	4C	Sodium or Potassium in water	A small piece of silver metal ignites and skitters around on the surface of water in a petri dish leaving behind a reddish trail. (Note: Put prtei dish in overhead projector and add ½” depth of water with phenolphthalein indicator.)	none
46	4D	Dissolution of Marble Chips and limestone Chips in HNO3 or H2SO4 Solution	Shows effect of acid rain. When marble of limestone chips are placed in strongly acidic solution, (e.g., 10-50% conc. HNO3 or H2SO4), they dissolve quickly. Dissolution in weaker acidic solution occurs, but requires more time(until the next class period.)
51	4E	Belousov-Zhabotinskii Reaction: Oscillations in Time and Space	A clear solution turns blue, then clear, etc. with a period of about 30 seconds, for a total time of about 50 minutes, (Note: Run the reaction in a 250 mL beaker in an overhead projector, mixing 50 mL of malonic Acid, 50 mL of 0.25 M KBrNO3, 50 mL of 6M H2SO4 and 1mL of ferroin indicator.)	JCE 49, 308 (1972)
61	4F	Deflating Styrofoam “Popcorn”	with Acetone or Ethyl Acetate versus Deflating and Dissolving Them in Methylene Chloride versus No Effect in Water	Sh. III, 348
69	4G	Liquid Oxygen (I)	Liquid O2 is collected by passing O2 from a cylinder through a condensing coil immersed in liquid nitrogen. The pale blue color of liquid O2 can be seen in a transparent Dewar flask. When poured between the poles of a magnet (on slightly-tilted sheet of plexiglass on an overhead projector), some is held in the gap until it evaporates, which is not seen for liquid N2.	Sh. II. 147
74	4H	Classifying Recyclable Plastics	Samples of commonly recycled plastics are classifiable by density, melting and burning behavior, and halogen content (copper wire flame test).	Chem. In context.
81	4I	Shell Structure Model	Magnetized needles in corks in a water bath are surrounded by a 10-min coil of copper wire on overhead projector. Use power supply in cabinet 4 to supply 3 or 4 A @ Max. voltage to create a magnetic field. The needles are dropped in one at a time, producing a triangle (3), square (4), pentagon (5), hexagon (6), a hexagon with a second single needle “inner shell(7)”, etc.
88	4J	"Power of Ten" Film	Available from physics dept. demonstration lab
5	5A	Molecular Motion Demonstrator	The behavior of gas molecules as described by KMT is simulated with small, hard balls, and a vibrating stage.	Sh. II.96, MMD manua
19	5B	A Glowing Spiral Tube	In a darkened room, pouring a colorless liquid and a blue liquid into a funnel with a spiral delivery tube results in blue chemiluminescence all along the tube.	Sh. I. 156
31	5C	Hydrogen-Oxygen explosions: in H2 “whistle”, in Balloons, or Soap Bubbles	A special apparatus emits a whistle that decreases in pitch as the H2 it contains burns, until an explosion occurs. When four balloons filled with different gas mixture are ignited, the balloons emit different intensities of sound.(Can also be done with soap bubbles.)	Sh. II. 131 & I. 106
47	5D	Ammonia Fountain		See under F8
52	5E	Electrolytic Decomposition of Water	A Na2SO4 solution is electrolyzed to produce H2 and O2. An indicator can be used to show the pH change in the solution around each electrode, An alternative method produces soap bubbles of gas that are explosive.	Sh. IV, 156
62	5F	Solubility of I2 in CHCl3 Layer Under Aqueous Layer
70	5G	Liquid Oxygen (II)	A large balloon containing O2(g) is attached to a test tube. The tube is immersed in a N2(l) bath. O2(l) is formed in the test tube. If the test tube is suspended from a string, it can be attracted by a magnet.
75	5H	Making ‘Slime” (Polyvinyl alcolhol-Borax)	Two clear, colorless liquids are mixed and almost immediately gel. The gel can be formed into a ball, but if left unhandled, it flattens and runs.	Sh. III 362
82	5I	Model of wave Motion – Giant Plastic Slinky	Quantization is illustrated by oscillating the slinky at various frequencies to produce 0,1, 2, nodes.
89	5J	Stereochemistry	The smells of R- and S- carvone are very different, although these molecules have mirror-image structure.
6	6A	Collapsing Can	Water is boiled in a can until the air inside is replaced by steam. The can is then sealed and is dramatically crushed as it cools to room temperature.	Sh. II.6
20	6B	Fluorescence - UV lamp	A black light can be used to generate intense yellow fluorescence from an uranium salt or fluorescent dye.	none
32	6C	Endothermic Dissolution of Ammonium Nitrate in Water	When ammonium nitrate dissolves, a cooling process occurs, resulting in Change in a liquid heights in an air thermometer or freezing a beaker to a board.	Pitt p. 67
53	6E	Electrolytic Decomposition of Brine	A NaCl solution is electrolyzed to produce H2, Cl2 and NaOH.
63	6F	Conductivity of Solutions		see under E8
76	6H	Phase Transitions of a Poly(acrylamide) Gel	When water is poured over a small quantity of white powder, it is gelled and thickens, becoming too thick to pour in less than a minute. Pouring NaCl on the gel returns it to a fluid state.	Sh. III. 368; LS 29
83	6I	Large – Scale Darling Model Set
90	6J	Crook’s (electron beam) Tubes
7	7A	22.4 L Cube	Shows volume of 1 mole of gas a STP	none
21	7B	Dispersion of a Prism - Tungsten Source vs. HeNe Laser	Parallel beams from a tungsten light source and a He-Ne laser are diffracted through a prism illustration the tungsten spectrum, the monochromacity of a laser, and diffraction.	none
33	7C	Exothermic Dissolution of KOH or CaCl2 in Water	Heat is released during the dissolution of KOH or CaCl2, producing a change in an air thermometer.	Pitt.
54	7E	Electricity from a Fuel Cell	The fuel cell consist of two Ni gauze electrodes covered with platinum black separated by filter paper and sandwiched between plexiglass squares. When H2 and O2 are passed into opposite sides of the cell, the current is generated and will run a motor.	Sh. IV. 123
64	7F	Measurement of Water Hardness	A titration of a Ca2+ standard solution and of tap water EDTA and calmagite indicator illustrates how water hardness is measured.
77	7H	Deflating Styrofoam “Popcom”		see under F4
84	7I	Large – Scale Models of C2H6 and CO2
91	7J	Colored Metal Complexes and Precipitates	By adding reagents, a number of metal ions form successively. These include Co(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Ag(I), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III). See pp. 280, 286, 299, 307, 318, 338, and directions in desk for Cr(III)	Sh. I (see notes)
8	8A	Flow of Gases through a Porous Cup	Samples of various gases (He or CO2) are allowed to flow through a porous cup. The relative rates of flow cause liquid to be forced from a flask or air to be drawn into it.	Sh. II.55
22	8B	Diffraction of Monochromatic Light through a slit (HeNe laser)	Illustrate the wave nature of light.	none
34	8C	Decomposition of Ammonium Dichromate (Volcano Rxn)	Ignition of a cone-shaped pile of NH4Cr2O7 crystals produces a voluminous green solid, sparks and smokes, resembling a volcanic eruption.	Sh. I. 81
55	8E	Conductivity & Extent of Dissociation of Acids or Salts	The strength of an Acid or the extent of dissociation of dissolved species can be illustrated by a conductivity tester. The lamp on the tester dose not light for distilled water, and only weakly in acetic acid or ammonium hydroxide, but strongly in mixtures of the two	Sh. III. 140 & 326
65	8F	Ammonia fountain	A small amount of water is injected into an inverted round-bottom flask connected tby glass/plastic tubing to a reservoir of water below it. Soon after the injection, the water form the reservoir rushes up into the flask and turns red as it forms a fountain inside the flask.other color changes or luminol chemiluminescence upon injection are also possible.
92	8J	Onondaga Lake Water	The water of Onondaga Lake in New York has a fairly high concentration of ions such as Ca2+, Fe3+/Fe2+, Na+, Cl-, CO32-, and SO42- because of industrial pollution. A variety of tests can be made for these ions: conductivity before and after distallation of the “lake water”, flame tests for Na+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO42-(using KSCN, sodium oxalate, Ag+, and Ba2+ reagents, respectively)	Chem. In Context
9	9A	Relative Rates of Diffusion of Br2 Vapor through Vacuum & Air	Bromine vapor is allowed to fill two containers, one containing air and one evacuated.	Sh. II.63
23	9B	Colored Flames with Metal Salts	(e.g. BaCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, CuCl2, NaCl, LiCl, KCl). Or use spray bottle to spray solution into the flame, or a Pt wire loop to intro duce a solution drop into the flame.	LS.11
35	9C	Slaking of Lime	Water added to a beaker half full of lumps of CaO (quicklime) produces steam and a temperature increase.	Sh. I. 19
56	9E	Briggs-Rausher Reaction	Three colorless solutions are combined in a large beaker. The solution becomes amber, Then blue-back , the colorless again. This sequence repeats with a period of 15 sec. At 25oC.	Sh. II. 248
93	9J	High Temperature Superconductivity	A sample of Yba2Cu3O7-x superconductor placed on an inverted coffee cup will levitate a small SmCo5 magnet when cooled by pouring liquid N2 over it.